Technology sector–led urban growth combines digital accumulation and urban accumulation dynamics to transform urban growth processes and outcomes. Together, these forces create the digital growth machine: a potent urban growth variation that fosters four related capital accumulation avenues that enable and support its activities. First, the digital growth machine extends long-standing land development and industrial attraction strategies to promote urban growth and increase exchange values. Second, it develops new possibilities for capturing land-related profit beyond traditional land development and intensification strategies. Third, it supports new opportunities for intermediaries to emerge and profit. Fourth, it creates new digital renderings of the city that affect land-related value and perceptions of place. With these processes, the digital growth machine simultaneously furthers dynamics of elite control over land that have become deeply entrenched in cities under capitalism, while qualitatively transforming urban life and the role of cities and land in this economic system.
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