Arealplanfaglige prinsipper og tradisjoner i planlegging av tettbygde fritidsbyggområder

Abstract

This article focuses on the relationship between national Norwegian principles for urban development and statutory land-use planning for new holiday homes in mountain areas. More specifically, the article focuses on whether – and if so, how – zoning principles and traditions from the planning and development of monofunctional suburban areas of detached houses in the period after the Second World War and up to the 1980s affect today's planning of densely populated recreational areas. It has been argued that newer holiday home areas in the mountain areas can be understood as a specialized, car-based and functionally divided type of built environment (Haslum, 2011, p. 8) and that the planning challenges are largely the same as for the development of suburban residential areas (Skjeggedal et al., 2009, p. 45).The purpose of the article is to investigate whether features of the land-use planning ideas that characterized the planning of suburban residential areas is valid for the current planning of holiday homes. This is investigated through a morphological land-use and land-tenure analysis of detailed zoning plans.The issue is important in that Norwegian national expectations regarding regional and municipal planning from the 1990s onwards have prescribed densification and transformation of already built-up areas as a land-use strategy. Despite these expectations, more than 150,000 new holiday homes have been established in Norway during this period, mainly in previously untouched forest and mountain areas with often great significance for biological diversity and the sustainability of nature.The article concludes that morphologically the holiday-home fields share several similarities with suburban residential areas. This applies in particular to the morphology of land-use plans, when comparing the functional composition of the plans on which the development is based. However, there are clear signs that real-estate development in the holiday home market is gradually adapting and using instruments of land-use management from urban densification and transformation. Furthermore, they are also similar when comparing key morphological design elements. This applies in particular to road construction and building structure. The more explicit architectural design is probably less similar. In the same way that residential areas increased in density from the 1960s to the 1980s, there are also tendencies towards increased density in holiday-home areas.The development of land tenure in densely populated holiday development areas is largely a result of property development in the holiday-home market being governed by the same principles and the same market mechanisms as those found in urban property development – densification and transformation. Understood as land tenure, today's holiday-home areas differ to a greater extent from the suburban residential areas than when comparing the land-use plan morphology.Keywordsland-usetraditionsholiday homesrecreational mountain areas

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