An intersectional analysis of historical and contemporary structural racism on non-fatal shootings in Baltimore, Maryland

Mudia Uzzi · Lea A. Marineau · Forrest K. Jones · Lorraine Tiera Dean · John W. Jackson · Carl Asher Latkin

59 citations0/0 files storedInjury Prevention

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Gun Ownership and Violence Research Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies Racial and Ethnic Identity Research

Abstract

Introduction Non-fatal shooting rates vary tremendously within cities in the USA. Factors related to structural racism (both historical and contemporary) could help explain differences in non-fatal shooting rates at the neighbourhood level. Most research assessing the relationship between structural racism and firearm violence only includes one dimension of structural racism. Our study uses an intersectional approach to examine how the interaction of two forms of structural racism is associated with spatial non-fatal shooting disparities in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods We present three additive interaction measures to describe the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary racialized economic segregation on neighbourhood-level non-fatal shootings. Results Our findings revealed that sustained disadvantage census tracts (tracts that experience contemporary socioeconomic disadvantage and were historically redlined) have the highest burden of non-fatal shootings. Sustained disadvantage tracts had on average 24 more non-fatal shootings a year per 10 000 residents compared with similarly populated sustained advantage tracts (tracts that experience contemporary socioeconomic advantage and were not historically redlined). Moreover, we found that between 2015 and 2019, the interaction between redlining and racialized economic segregation explained over one-third of non-fatal shootings (approximately 650 shootings) in sustained disadvantage tracts. Conclusion These findings suggest that the intersection of historical and contemporary structural racism is a fundamental cause of firearm violence inequities in Baltimore. Intersectionality can advance injury prevention research and practice by (1) serving as an analytical tool to expose inequities in injury-related outcomes and (2) informing the development and implementation of injury prevention interventions and policies that prioritise health equity and racial justice.

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References

1991Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color 2012The Problem With the Phrase Women and Minorities: Intersectionality—an Important Theoretical Framework for Public Health 2015Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?2013Intersectionality 2021Intersectionality in quantitative research: A systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods 2018Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear 2003Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation 2009Segregation, Racial Structure, and Neighborhood Violent Crime

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