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China’s villages-in-the-city are a typical form of marginal settlement that mushroomed in Chinese cities in the course of booming economic development, rapid in-migration and urban expansion processes after economic opening. Based on fieldwork in Guangzhou, the central aims of this contribution are, firstly, to analyse the exposure of the rural-urban migrants living in these settlements to environmental health threats, and secondly to discuss the emergence of these threats, taking into account the role of various actors at local and municipal levels and their impact on the environmental health situation. Data was obtained from expert interviews with representatives of village collectives and the urban administration in Guangzhou, from systematic field observations in 19 villages-in-the-city and from a quantitative survey of 450 rural-urban migrants. The findings presented here show that the environmental health situation in villages-in-the-city reflects the complex interplay of diverse forces and players in the Pearl River Delta. Environmental health conditions vary according to density, economic structure, the level of commitment of street offices to their management tasks, and the financial resources of the village collectives.
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