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The theory of evolution proposed by the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck constitutes the main pre-Darwinian theory that emerged in modern science. Lamarck believed that the morphological changes in animals originate in the use or disuse of the organs, and the continued practice of them stimulates their further development. Although it is currently scientifically discredited, this theory had many followers in the early twentieth century, exerting its inspiration in various fields, including education. In Paraguay, the first echoes of a Lamarckian influence were felt at the same time. His main reference was Francisco Tapia, a school teacher who was the author of some works in which that influence is confirmed. This article explores the reception of Lamarck’s ideas in Tapia’s work, and in particular, the relationship of this theory with both his pedagogical and psychological concepts, while evaluating his contribution to the evolution of psychology as a science in Paraguay and discussing some of the conflic tive social relationships that he had to face during the years he lived in this country. The perspective adopted is fundamentally historical and begins with a review of primary and secondary sources that help to clarify the basic problems focused.
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