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Spatial planning for housing recovery and disaster risk reduction by the government sector after the Great East Japan Earthquake are too limited to collective relocation "project" and land use "control" for hazardous space. This chapter emphasizes the importance of spatial planning "guidance" for individuals’ housing reconstruction and relocation in order to avoid scattered housing reconstruction and urban sprawl which is a socially, physically, and economically unsustainable development pattern for peoples’ living and urban management in a depopulated region. Specific examples of "guidance" include government subsidy incentives for individual survivors through suggesting areas to become residential areas and town centres defined by post-disaster recovery planning. Spatial planning has to go beyond government-driven projects and control, and be expanded to guidance in order to pursue a sustainable and resilient society by promoting multi-stakeholders in housing recovery and resettlement.
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