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Crime and criminal justice are intricately linked to the issues of welfare and social justice that form the focus of this collection. The clientele of police stations, courts and prisons are largely drawn from the most deprived groups and crime has a disproportionate impact on the poor. With its renowned Children’s Hearings system and greater emphasis on rehabilitative social work with offenders, it has been argued that Scotland, before devolution, took a more welfarist and less punitive approach than many other jurisdictions, but that paradoxically, since devolution, there has been a process of ‘detartanisation’ (McAra, 2008; Croall et al, 2010; Munro et al, 2010), followed, arguably, by greater divergence and ‘retartanisation’ (McNeill, 2011) with the election of a Scottish National Party (SNP) minority Scottish government in 2007, a process which may well continue with the election of a majority SNP government in 2011. This chapter begins by exploring the different ways in which crime, victimisation and criminal justice are linked to social inequalities in Scotland, before looking at the global and national context of criminal justice policy and the extent to which these have affected policies in Scotland. This broad analysis is followed by a brief account of key areas of criminal justice policy, looking at: youth justice, renowned internationally for its welfarist approach; imprisonment and community sentencing, topics featuring strongly in current debates; and, in contrast, the very different arrangements for corporate and environmental crime. Finally, it discusses issues of divergence and convergence, criminal and social justice before briefly considering some alternative approaches.
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