Differences and similarities between LAMs, and their pursuit of commons challenges

Abstract

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the conditions for libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs) have changed constantly throughout history in relation to wider societal changes.During the late 1900s and early 2000s, LAMs faced new, quick, and quite similar challenges, often linked to global trends and changes.In some instances, this also created incentives for new LAM collaborations.In this volume, we have discussed this development from different perspectives and highlighted differences and similarities among LAMs, using examples from Scandinavia.Furthermore, we have also discussed some of the important challenges that LAMs are facing today.The historical section of the book (Chapters 2-4) shows that large national LAM institutions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden started to form during the seventeenth century.As in other Western countries, the development intensified in the centuries that followed under the influence of the Enlightenment, the development of science, the rise of the bourgeois public sphere, and industrialization, which started in the Scandinavian countries in the late nineteenth century.The modern regional and local LAM institutions also emerged at the end of the nineteenth century.The development of LAMs was closely connected to the modern project and the demand for public enlightenment, as well as to nation building and the construction of national identities.In Scandinavia, the development of LAMs during the twentieth century was also connected to the creation of the modern welfare state, with cultural policies focusing on democratic and equal access to culture and cultural heritage, and on the right of citizens to free and reliable information (see Chapter 5).The acronym LAM was used from the late 1990s as a collective term for libraries, archives, and museums.However, it also had an ideological dimension, implying that it was partly a common practice field with opportunities for 17

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