A Hybrid Model Integrating HFACS and BN for Analyzing Human Factors in CFIT Accidents

Bin Meng · Na Lu

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Risk and Safety Analysis Occupational Health and Safety Research Human-Automation Interaction and Safety

Abstract

Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) is considered a typical accident category of “low-probability-high consequence”. Human factors play an important role in CFIT accidents in such a complex and high-risk system. This study aims to explore the causal relationship and inherent correlation of CFIT accidents by the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and Bayesian network (BN). A total of 74 global CFIT accident investigation reports from 2001 to 2020 were collected, and the main contributing factors were classified and analyzed based on the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Then, the model was transformed into a Bayesian network topology structure. To ensure accuracy, the prior probability of each root node was computed by the fuzzy number theory. Afterward, using the bidirectional reasoning ability of the Bayesian network under uncertainty, this study performed a systematic quantitative analysis of the controlled flight into terrain accidents, including causal reasoning analysis, diagnostic analysis, sensitivity analysis, most probable explanation, and scenario analysis. The results demonstrate that the precondition for unsafe acts (30.5%) has the greatest impact on the controlled flight into terrain accidents among the four levels of contributing factors. Inadequate supervision, intentional noncompliance with SOPs/cross-check, GPWS not installed or failure, adverse meteorological environment, and ground-based navigation aid malfunction or not being available are recognized as the top significant contributing factors. The contributing factors of the high sensitivity and most likely failure are identified, and the coupling effect between the different contributing factors is verified. This study can provide guidance for CFIT accident analysis and prevention.

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References

2011Safety analysis in process facilities: Comparison of fault tree and Bayesian network approaches 2019Applications of Bayesian networks and Petri nets in safety, reliability, and risk assessments: A review 2018Bayesian network modelling for supply chain risk propagation 2017A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis 2001APPLYING REASON: THE HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (HFACS)2019A new resilience measure for supply networks with the ripple effect considerations: a Bayesian network approach 1990An application of fuzzy concepts to modelling of reliability analysis 2019An analysis of human factors in fifty controlled flight into terrain aviation accidents from 2007 to 2017

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2025Evolution of human factors research in aviation safety: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the intellectual structure

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