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This chapter uses Field Theory to identify and explicate how the transformations to English society described in the previous chapter, fed into, informed, and were informed by, changes to the organisation and structure of the literary field. The emphasis here is on examining and explaining how and in what ways the differentiation and diversification of the social bases, structure, and struggles within, the literary field, corresponded to the differentiation and diversification of literary visions of Italy and the Italians, past and present. The first half of the chapter identifies and explicates: the habitus and distribution of capitals characteristic of writer-artists within the restricted literary field; the diversifying nature of struggles to assert the autonomy of the literary arts and the writer-artist therein; and the evolving literary movements in and through which those struggles were formed and served to inform. These points are further considered in relation to the rising social structural salience and complexity of the commercial field of literature, the development of which, together with an account of the relations of emulation and differentiation conjoining it to the restricted literary field. The second part of the chapter brings to life the analysis developed in the first half of the chapter, which it does with reference to a wide range of writers, literary movements, and literary texts. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the wider significance of the analysis both in terms of how Italy was represented prior to the nineteenth century and in the timeframe to have elapsed since.
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