From COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy to Vaccine Acceptance: Results of a Longitudinal Survey

Kimberly A. Fisher · Ngoc Thuy Thi Nguyen · Hassan Fouayzi · Sybil L. Crawford · Sonal Singh · May Dong +2 more

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 and Mental Health

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 vaccines are widely available, but uptake is suboptimal. To develop strategies to increase vaccination rates, we sought to (1) characterize adults initially hesitant to be vaccinated for COVID-19 who later received the vaccine and (2) identify factors associated with their vaccination decision. METHODS: tests to examine associations between respondents' vaccination status and their characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. We analyzed reasons for vaccination using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Of 756 initially vaccine-hesitant respondents, 529 (70.0%) completed the follow-up survey. Nearly half of those initially not sure about vaccination (47.3%, 112 of 237) were vaccinated at follow-up, while 21.2% (62 of 292) of those initially planning not to be vaccinated were vaccinated at follow-up. Of those initially not sure, higher educational attainment, greater knowledge of COVID-19, and a doctor's recommendation were associated with vaccination. Of those initially intending not to be vaccinated, male sex, Democratic political affiliation, receipt of an influenza shot within 5 years, being more worried about COVID-19, and having greater COVID-19 knowledge were associated with increased likelihood of being vaccinated. Of 167 respondents who gave reasons for vaccination, protecting oneself and others (59.9%), practical issues (29.9%), social influences (17.4%), and vaccine safety (13.8%) were the main reasons. CONCLUSION: Providing information on the protective value of vaccination, implementing rules that make remaining unvaccinated burdensome, making vaccination easy, and providing social support may influence vaccine-hesitant adults to accept vaccination.

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2015Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants 2017Increasing Vaccination: Putting Psychological Science Into Action 2020Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine 2021COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy—A Scoping Review of Literature in High-Income Countries 2006Nonmedical Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements 2020COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, health behaviors, and policy support 2021Predictors of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S 2021Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: recommendations from the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA

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