Articlegreen2023

Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from US School Districts

Rebecca S Jack · Clare Halloran · James Okun · Emily F. Oster

103 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Economic Review Insights

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Education during COVID-19 pandemic School Choice and Performance COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts

Abstract

We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or virtual learning) in the 2020–2021 school year on students’ pass rates on standardized tests in grades 3–8 across 11 states. Pass rates declined from 2019 to 2021: an average of 12.8 percentage points in math and 6.8 in English language arts (ELA). Focusing on within-state, within–commuting zone variation in schooling mode, we estimate that districts with full in-person learning had significantly smaller declines (13.4 pp in math, 8.3 in ELA). The value to in-person learning was larger for districts with larger populations of Black students. (JEL H75, I12, I18, I21, I28, J15)

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References

2021Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020Projecting the Potential Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement 2013British Educational Research Journal 2011Explaining Charter School Effectiveness 2022Did students learn less during the COVID-19 pandemic? Reading and mathematics competencies before and after the first pandemic wave 2018Inequality in Reading and Math Skills Forms Mainly before Kindergarten: A Replication, and Partial Correction, of “Are Schools the Great Equalizer?”2022Test Score Patterns Across Three COVID-19-Impacted School Years 2021Association of Children’s Mode of School Instruction with Child and Parent Experiences and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic — COVID Experiences Survey, United States, October 8–November 13, 2020

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