Effect of yoga and mindfulness on psychological correlates in young athletes: A meta-analysis

Satish Kanaujia · Priyanka Saraswati · N. Sunderlal Singh · Sanjay Singh · Neetu Kataria · Poonam Yadav

29 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

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Sport Psychology and Performance Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions Psychological Treatments and Assessments

Abstract

This meta-analysis planned to assess the impact of yoga and mindfulness practice in reducing stress and anxiety to improve athletes' sports performance. Several databases were electronically searched for eligible articles till September 2022. Participants aged 18–45 yrs, male and female, and recreational athletes from different sports were included. Athletes' stress, competitive anxiety, and sports performance were measured. The mean difference or standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was calculated in RevMan software 5.4. The fixed effect model was applied to test the statistical significance difference and heterogeneity (p < 0.05). The GRADE pro evidence was also created to assess the quality of evidence. Results were analyzed with pooled data from fifteen articles. Forest plots showed an overall significant effect of yoga and mindfulness on Mindfulness [Z = 4.13 (p < 0.0001)] [(I2 = 48%), MD −2.6, (95% CI, −3.85, −1.37)] and flow state [Z = 9.49 (p < 0.00001)] [(I2 = 85%), SMD 3.13, (95% CI, 2.48, 3.77)]. The insignificant effects were noted on attention and awareness [Z = 1.51 (p = 0.13)] [(I2 = 25%), SMD −0.26, (95% CI, −0.60, 0.80)], and action and acceptance [Z = 0.43 (p = 0.67)] [(I2 = 0%), MD 0.20, (95% CI, −0.69, 1.08)]. We also observed a significant effect for the comparison of stress [Z = 6.56 (p < 0.00001)] [(I2 = 76%), SMD −0.74, (95% CI, −0.97, 0.52)] and an insignificant effect for comparing anxiety [Z = 1.62 (p = 0.11)] [(I2 = 14%), SMD −0.31, (95% CI, −0.69, 0.07)]. The findings of this meta-analysis provides valuable insights to the beneficial or complementary effects of yoga and mindfulness on athletes' psychological health and sports performance.

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1983A Global Measure of Perceived Stress 2003The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.2006Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness 2011Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A Revised Measure of Psychological Inflexibility and Experiential Avoidance 2007Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program 2016The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review 2003Measuring Anxiety in Athletics: The Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 2005Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence

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