Subjective and objective indicators of neighbourhood safety and physical activity among UK adolescents

Charlotte Constable Fernandez · Praveetha Patalay · Laura Vaughan · Mark Hamer · Jane Maddock

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Physical Activity and Health Crime Patterns and Interventions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The health benefits of regular physical activity in adolescence are well-documented and many health-related behaviours are established in adolescence. The neighbourhood environment is a key setting for physical activity for adolescents and feeling unsafe in their neighbourhood may be a potential barrier to physical activity. AIM: This study aimed to examine associations between neighbourhood safety and physical activity using objective and subjective measures for both. METHODS: Participants (n = 10,913) came from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative UK longitudinal birth cohort. Linear regression and Zero Inflated Poisson models were used to examine associations between subjective and objective indicators of safety (self-reported safety, Index of Multiple Deprivation crime, Reported Crime Incidence) and physical activity (self-reported weekly and device-measured physical activity). RESULTS: Adolescents who feel unsafe in their neighbourhood, or who live in areas with high IMD crime or violent crime rates report 0.29 (95% CI -0.49, -0.09) 0.32 (95% CI -0.47, -0.16) and 0.20 (95% CI -0.39, -0.20) fewer days of physical activity, respectively. No associations were found between Reported Crime Incidence and either objective or subjective measures of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates varying associations between subjective safety and objective crime with physical activity levels in adolescence, highlighting the complexities around subjective and objective measurements and their associations with health outcomes.

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References

1996Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk.2006Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity? A review of the literature.2007Playing it safe: The influence of neighbourhood safety on children's physical activity—A review 2004Unsafe to Play? Neighborhood Disorder and Lack of Safety Predict Reduced Physical Activity among Urban Children and Adolescents 2012Crime, fear of crime, environment, and mental health and wellbeing: Mapping review of theories and causal pathways 2006Measuring Multiple Deprivation at the Small-Area Level 2013Conceptualization and measurement of environmental exposure in epidemiology: Accounting for activity space related to daily mobility 2011DO NEIGHBORHOODS GENERATE FEAR OF CRIME? AN EMPIRICAL TEST USING THE BRITISH CRIME SURVEY*

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