The association between permit-to-purchase laws and shootings by police

Cassandra Kercher Crifasi · Julie Ann Ward · Alexander Duncan McCourt · Daniel W. Webster · Mitchell L. Doucette

12 citations0/0 files storedInjury Epidemiology

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Gun Ownership and Violence Research Policing Practices and Perceptions Crime Patterns and Interventions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fatal and nonfatal shootings by police are a public health issue that warrants additional research. Prior research has documented associations between fatal shootings by police and gun ownership, legislative strength scores, and lax concealed carry weapons laws. Despite research on other firearm-related outcomes, little is known about the impact of permit-to-purchase (PTP) laws on shootings by police. We generated counts of fatal and nonfatal OIS from the Gun Violence Archive from 2015 to 2020. We conducted cross-sectional regression modeling with a Poisson distribution and robust standard errors. In addition to PTP, we included several state-level policies that may be associated with shootings by police: comprehensive background check only (CBC-only) laws, concealed carry licensing laws, stand your ground laws, violent misdemeanor prohibitions, and extreme risk protection orders (ERPO). We controlled for state-level demographic characteristics and included a population offset to generate incidence rate ratios (IRR). FINDINGS: PTP laws were associated with a 28% lower rate in shootings by police [IRR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.81]. Shall Issue (IRR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.17-1.53) and Permitless (IRR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.35-1.91) concealed carry laws and CBC-only laws (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.25) were associated with higher rates of shootings by police. Stand your ground, violent misdemeanor prohibitions, and ERPO laws were not associated with shootings by police. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that PTP laws were associated with significantly lower rates of shootings by police. Removing restrictions on civilian concealed carry was associated with significantly higher rates. State-level firearm policies may be a lever to address shootings by police.

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2014Effects of the Repeal of Missouri’s Handgun Purchaser Licensing Law on Homicides 2018Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties 2018Variation in Rates of Fatal Police Shootings across US States: the Role of Firearm Availability 2020Evidence concerning the regulation of firearms design, sale, and carrying on fatal mass shootings in the United States 2020Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985–2017 2013Reducing Gun Violence in America 2017Firearm Legislation and Fatal Police Shootings in the United States 2020Extreme Risk Protection Orders in Washington

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