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Migration is undoubtedly a dominant thematic in the multilingual landscapes of the 21st century, a product of continuing transnational/translocal mobility and exchange of people, information, and products across physical and virtual boundaries. Knowledge of local and global/international languages gives access to a society of information, the exchange of material goods, and the ability to communicate with the people in our immediate social space and beyond ( Castells 2000 ). Languages themselves migrate or are remade through migration. Within this context of linguistic superdiversity ( Vertovec 2007 ), language plays a key role in the constitution of public and private institutions but is also crucial for the actors who come into contact with these institutions ( Heller 2003 ; Lorente 2012 ) to gain access to material and symbolic resources. Within these multilingual landscapes of mobility and exchange, both transnational and translocal, public discourses increasingly view migration through the lenses of nationalist and racist rhetoric ( Wodak and Reisigl 1999 ), creating atmospheres of social panic in which migrants and refugees are seen as threatening the stable borders of national identities. Applied linguistic research aims to increase our understanding of the linguistic dimensions of migration, the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that language ideologies and practices contribute to social processes of ‘othering’ and exclusion in crucial institutional contexts. This chapter will provide an overview of current issues and the applied linguistic research they have provoked.
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