Exploring the Impact of Built Environment Factors on the Relationships between Bike Sharing and Public Transportation: A Case Study of New York

Baohua Wei

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Transportation and Mobility Innovations

Abstract

Bike sharing offers a usable form of feeder transportation for connecting to public transportation and effectively meets unmet travel demands, alleviating the pressure on public transportation systems by diverting urban commuters. To advance the comprehension of how the built environment shapes the relationship between bike-sharing systems and public transport modes, we implement a categorization framework that divides bike-sharing data into three distinct patterns: competition, integration, and complementation, based on their coordination with public transportation. The SLM model is employed to investigate the complex correlations between the relationship patterns and four key groups of environmental factors encompassing land use, transportation systems, urban design, and social economy. We find a strong correlation between four groups of environmental factors and three relationship patterns. Furthermore, the built environment variables exhibit significant variations across the three patterns. Users in the competitive mode prefer the flexibility of shared bikes and place a higher value on the sightseeing and leisure benefits. Instead, users in the integration and complementation modes tend to prefer shared bikes to supplement unmet travel demand and place a higher value on commuting benefits. These findings can benefit urban planners seeking to encourage greater diversity in transportation modes and incentivize more commuting.

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References

2002How the built environment affects physical activity 2015Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature 2009Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá 2013Bike Share: A Synthesis of the Literature 2015Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR)2015Effects of built environment and weather on bike sharing demand: a station level analysis of commercial bike sharing in Toronto 2014Bike share’s impact on car use: Evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia 2014How land-use and urban form impact bicycle flows: evidence from the bicycle-sharing system (BIXI) in Montreal

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2024The nonlinear impact of cycling environment on bicycle distance: A perspective combining objective and perceptual dimensions 2025Decoding the impact of audiovisual street environment features on cycling volumes: Insights from street view imagery and machine learning 2025Comparing built environment effects on bike-sharing and electric bike-sharing usage: a spatiotemporal machine learning approach 2025How urban form shapes bike-metro integration: A multidimensional typology of usage patterns and accessibility inequities

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