The International Bill of Rights

Abstract

Abstract The International Bill of Rights is comprised of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two human rights Covenants. When it was being drafted, racial discrimination did not receive the appropriate attention because the United Nations organs responsible for the work, especially in the early years, were not very representative. Nevertheless, several issues emerged in the drafting including specific reference to discrimination based on ‘colour’ as well as ‘race’. There were major debates about protection against incitement to hatred. In the early 1960s, when many African States had finally joined the United Nations, a requirement to suppress hatred even if it did not incite violence was confirmed. Other sources of tension during the drafting of the texts concerned equal pay for equal work and the right of everyone to participate in democratic governance. The right to education includes a requirement that it be directed to promoting tolerance and friendship among racial groups. The right to marry is ensured regardless of race.

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