The Media in Southern Europe: Continuities, Changes and Challenges

Abstract

Abstract The media systems of Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Greece, Cyprus and Turkey represent what Daniel Hallin and Paolo Mancini have proposed as the Southern European or polarised pluralistic model. Regardless of their differences, the media in Southern Europe are characterised by low levels of newspaper circulation, a tradition of advocacy reporting, instrumentalisation of privately owned media, politicisation of public broadcasting and broadcast regulation and limited development of journalism as an autonomous profession. In the digital era, the media in Southern Europe have to adjust themselves to the new conditions, as citizens have turned rapidly to the digital and social media, regardless the uneven development of the Internet in most countries. It seems that digitisation of the media landscape has led the Southern European media to follow a path not very dissimilar to other European countries as in the past. The advent of digital and social media, as well as the emergence of citizen journalism, has made the news media landscape even more uncertain for the legacy media and the professional journalist, but less controlled by the state, which used to be the norm in the analogue past.

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