Forensic Diagnostics of the Skeletal Age in the Living – Backgrounds and Methodology

Daniel Wittschieber · Maria L. Hahnemann · Hans‐Joachim Mentzel

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes Child Abuse and Related Trauma

Abstract

BACKGROUND: year of life. According to the recommendations of the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD), this requires - among other things - a determination of skeletal age. METHOD: Considering recent scientific knowledge, the current conditions and established skeletal age diagnostics methods are presented. Additionally, this review article sheds light on the influence of ethnicity and socioeconomic status, questions regarding indication, as well as alternative and future developments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In forensic age diagnostics, particularly hand radiography and thin-slice CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis are relevant for determining skeletal age. The Atlas method of Greulich and Pyle (1959) and the clavicular stages by Schmeling et al. (2004) and Kellinghaus et al. (2010) are primarily used for this. This spectrum of methods, which is based on a very solid database, might be supplemented by MRI studies of the knee joint in the near future. KEY POINTS: · Determining skeletal age is an essential part of forensic age diagnostics commissioned by state authorities and courts.. · Hand radiography and CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis form the core of the spectrum of methods recommended by the Study Group of Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD).. · Since the radiological studies required for forensic age diagnostics are not medically indicated, it must be ensured that the legal basis is specifically named in each case when commissioning expert opinions.. · MRI studies of the knee joint might increase the spectrum of methods in the near future.. CITATION FORMAT: · Wittschieber D, Hahnemann ML, Mentzel H. Forensic Diagnostics of the Skeletal Age in the Living - Backgrounds and Methodology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 254 - 261.

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2008Criteria for age estimation in living individuals 2002Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW3 method).2004Studies on the time frame for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage in conventional radiography 2000Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations 2016Developmental Juvenile Osteology 2004Forensic age estimation in living subjects: the ethnic factor in wisdom tooth mineralization 1989Assessing the Skeletal Maturity of the Hand-Wrist: Fels Method 2010Enhanced possibilities to make statements on the ossification status of the medial clavicular epiphysis using an amplified staging scheme in evaluating thin-slice CT scans

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