Métis health in Canada: a scoping review of Métis-specific health literature

Krysta-Leigh Gmitroski · Gabrielle Legault · Skye Pamela Barbic

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Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights Indigenous Cultures and History Indigenous Health and Education

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Métis are a culturally unique and distinct population, yet little research has evaluated their health separate from the broader Indigenous population. We sought to explore current literature regarding the health of Métis Peoples in Canada and identify potential trends and gaps. METHODS: Using the Arksey-O'Malley, 5-stage, scoping review method, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, iPortal Indigenous Articles Portal Research Tool and pertinent reference lists using the terms "Métis," "health" and "Canada." Two reviewers conducted the initial searches independently, including English articles from 2012 to 2022, and focused on only Métis populations' health within Canada. We described characteristics of the articles and themes for discussion. RESULTS: Of the 572 articles we identified, we included a total of 28 articles in this scoping review, of which 16 were quantitative, 9 were qualitative and 3 used mixed methods. Thirteen articles used consultation with Métis communities as part of their methods, and 8 extracted data from national surveys. One article focused on children, while all other articles focused on adults. Nine articles used data from across Canada, 6 were based in Ontario, 5 in Alberta and 4 each in British Columbia and Manitoba. Themes included health, well-being and spirituality; mental health and substance use; health conditions and risk factors; access to adequate health resources; and experiences in health care. INTERPRETATION: Métis-specific health research is lacking in Canada, with a gap in volume, subject matter and diversity in the demographics studied. This review illustrates the need for more research with strong community engagement to further explore Métis health and health service needs.

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2018PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation 2005Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework 2010Scoping studies: advancing the methodology 2017The mental health of Indigenous peoples in Canada: A critical review of research 2014“Métis”2004Knowledge translation and indigenous knowledge 2019“I Guess I Shouldn’t Come Back Here”: Racism and Discrimination as a Barrier to Accessing Health and Social Services for Urban Métis Women in Toronto, Canada 2012Trends in Métis-related Health Research (1980–2009): Identification of Research Gaps

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