Articlegold2023

ZnO, TiO2 and Fe3O4/Carbopol hybrid nanogels for the cleaner process of paper manuscripts from dust stains and soil remains

Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan · Haidi Mahmoud Hassan · Yassmine Adel Mohamed · Mai Emad Moustafa Ismail · Yara Farid · Hager Mohamed +3 more

23 citations0/0 files storedHeritage Science

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Conservation Techniques and Studies Building materials and conservation

Abstract

Abstract There are many paper manuscripts at museums, stores, and libraries that have different stains. The dust stains and soil remains played an important role in the degradation of these manuscripts. Therefore, the cleaning process for these stains is important to process. Unfortunately, the removal of stains by some traditional techniques can be hazardous to the paper's fibers. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate innovative nanoparticle gels in the cleaning process of dust stains from paper manuscripts. The synthesized nanomaterials [Fe 3 O 4 , TiO 2 , and ZnO]/Carbopol hybrid nanogel were examined in order to investigate the surface morphology, determine the physio-chemical properties, for phase structure, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), AFM, DLS, XRD, and Zeta potential. Some stained paper samples were prepared and exposed to accelerated thermal aging at 100 °C for 72 h. The evaluation of the cleaning by nanogel was performed by different analytical procedures containing investigation with a USB digital microscope, SEM, color change, mechanical properties, and ATR-FTIR analysis. The results of this study showed that ZnO/Carbopol hybrid nanogel at high viscosity gave the best results in the cleaning process of mud stains through the ability to dismantle mud particles and increase surface contact with the solvent. The aged treated sample with high viscosity form of ZnO NPs/carbopol hybrid nanogel gave the highest tensile strength value of (56.0 N). The treated samples with the high viscosity form of ZnO NPs/carbopol hybrid nanogel gave the highest value of elongation (1.398%) before aging. It also does not affect the chemical composition of the paper after cleaning it, but rather on the whole, it bites the hydration of the paper, which positively affects the properties of the treated paper.

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References

2022Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications 2013Gellan hydrogel as a powerful tool in paper cleaning process: A detailed study 2013Use of ZnO nanoparticles for protecting oil paintings on paper support against dirt, fungal attack, and UV aging 2002SPONTANEOUS FORMATION OF ACIDS IN THE NATURAL AGING OF PAPER 2011Analytical techniques used for the evaluation of a 19th century quranic manuscript conditions 2021Evaluation of the efficiency of nanoparticles for increasing α-amylase enzyme activity for removing starch stain from paper artifacts 2003Experimental investigations of stained paper documents cleaned by the Nd:YAG laser pulses 2018Alkyl carbonate solvents confined in poly (ethyl methacrylate) organogels for the removal of pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) from contemporary drawings

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2024Hybrid nanogels and their roles in eliminating soot stains from historical paper manuscripts 2026Efficiency of gel poultices based on arbocel and carboxymethyl cellulose with nanoparticle additives for cleaning paper manuscripts

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