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Abstract The aim of this report is to give an account-according to the results of researches which have been carried out up to the present time-of the evolution of infant and child mortality in Italy. Some explanatory hypotheses will also be introduced, mainly on the basis of the observation of territorial differences and of their evolution over time. Along the way, some considerations will also be proposed concerning the reliability of available data, with special regard to the difficulties arising when data come from different experiences and situations. In particular, we must stress the fact that the date of National Unification (1861) creates a breaking-point as far as demographic sources of data are concerned, and it is only after 1861 that an accurate analysis of mortality by age can be carried out for the whole Italian population. The evolution of infant and child mortality from National Unification to the middle of the twentieth century will first be described. Afterwards, some partial information will be supplied about the trends and territorial differences of pre-Unification infant mortality levels.
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