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Abstract There are a number of notions of rational behaviour. The most important, and also most readily intelligible, is Zweckrationalitat. Conduct is rational if it is optimally effective in attaining a given specified aim. (Alternative reading: if, in the light of the evidence available to an agent, there is good reason to believe it to be so.) Instrumental rationality contains, as an important part or corollary, the requirement for the efficient use of relevant information. He who wills the end must will the means; information relevant to the choice of most effective means is itself a means, perhaps the most important one. Thus Zweckrationalitat required not merely that one should choose the optimal means, but also that one’s beliefs, in the light of which the means are chosen, should themselves be in some sense optimal, given the data at one’s disposal.
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