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Abstract A Difficulty with documentary evidence such as newspaper advertise ments is the interpretation of eighteenth-century German terminology for the various keyboard instruments. Although some words, such as Clavicor, Spinet, and Fortepiano, are reasonably specific, others appear to be less so. In particular, the potential ambiguity of Fliigel, which on the face of it simply means ‘wing-shaped instrument’, has led to some misunderstanding. Despite the overwhelming weight of evidence that the term was used by eighteenth-century musicians only for the harpsichord (see below), it is sometimes suggested that it might also have included the similarly shaped fortepiano.1 And Clavier is notorious for its variety of not always consistent meanings. To add to the confusion, in modern German Klavier has come to mean ‘piano’, and Flugel ‘grand piano’.
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