Sexual dimorphism in the mammoth pelvis: an aid to gender determination

Abstract

Abstract Determining the gender of fossil proboscidean skeletons can make an important contribution to understanding their taphonomy. This is particularly the case among members of the Elephantidae, where fossil species can be assumed to have had a broadly similar social structure to that of the living elephants (Haynes 1991). For example. mammoth assemblages such as Lehner Ranch, Arizona, thought to result from the slaughter of matriarchal groups, are expected to be dominated by females, as in living elephant species (Saunders 1980). At others, such as Hot Springs, South Dakota, the predominance of young adult males is believed to result from a gradual accumulation of individuals as these roving, adventurous animals became caught in a natural trap (Agenbroad and Mead 1987a).

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