Abstract The Roman empire was a multi-cultural conquest-state, the long-term survival of which depended on the creation of political consensus between rulers and subjects (and subject-élites in particular). Historians recognize that shared symbols played their part in this process, as with the imperial cult or (for parts of the empire) the figure of Alexander the Great.2 This paper focuses on another touchstone in the historical memory of subject-Greeks, the tradition about the Persian wars, and seeks to answer two questions.
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