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Abstract In the tenth century, nearly 800 years after the Mishnah’s “publication,” R. Sherira Gaon described how Rabbi Judah the Prince, the Mishnah’s editor, “compiled ... and added to it what was in his time, and reconciled it[s difficulties) properly.” In reconstructing the Mishnah’s formation, R. Sherira repeatedly emphasized Rabbi’s faithfulness to his sources-primarily the earlier compilation of R. Meir-and the faithfulness of the latter to his sources. “And not in his own words [lit., “from his (own] heart”] did Rabbi compile them,” or, “nothing was omitted or added but for a few places” -this theme recurs in his description of the process, along with a detailed series of proofs for his contention. The motive for this emphasis is clear: the anti-Karaite polemic which underlies R. Sherira’s history of the Oral Torah.
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