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Abstract This paper critically examines the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on addressing inequalities and empowering women for sustainable ecosystem management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross‐sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region. Results from the use of logistic regression model indicate that despite women's unique and important responsibilities in the use and management of natural resources, women are typically less involved in the formal governance processes, resulting in their interests, goals, knowledge, and capabilities being both under‐represented and under‐utilized. It also shows that the MOCs' CSR using GMoU model has recorded significant success in addressing gender inequalities and enhancing the capacity of the rural women in natural resources and ecosystem management. The finding suggests that if the MOCs' CSR targeted at addressing gender issue is increased by one unit, the odd ratio is almost 13 times as high. This implies that addressing gender–related barriers and challenges and championing equitable natural resource governance leads to better livelihoods outcomes. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern.
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