Interventions for gender equality in STEM education: A meta‐analysis

Wenhao Yu · Julan Luo · Xinpeng Shu

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Career Development and Diversity Gender and Technology in Education Science Education and Perceptions

Abstract

Abstract Background Although gender inequality in education is gaining increasing attention, female underrepresentation remains pervasive in STEM fields. Many studies have applied various interventions to narrow the gender gap in STEM education. Objectives In this study, we conducted a systematic meta‐analysis to examine the effectiveness of various interventions for gender equality in STEM education and tested the influence of moderator variables. Methods Ten databases—ERIC, IEEE, JSTOR, ProQuest‐Education, SAGE Journals, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library—and seven high‐quality journals in related fields were selected as literature resources. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) process was used to identify eligible articles for the random‐effects meta‐analysis. Results and Conclusions The overall effect size (Hedges' g) was 0.434, indicating that the interventions promoting gender equality in STEM education had a near‐medium positive effect. There were significant differences by the type of intervention, but not by the type of intervention outcome. The results of the moderator analysis showed a significant difference in moderator variables, including country, educational level, form of experiment, intervention level, and different measurement methods, whereas there was no significant difference in the moderator variables, including economic development level and sample size. Implications This study examined the effectiveness of gender equality interventions and the impact on it of different types of intervention, intervention outcomes, and moderator variables. These results have implications for the design of gender equality interventions in STEM education.

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References

2003Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses 1997Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test 1992A power primer.2008Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 1994Operating Characteristics of a Rank Correlation Test for Publication Bias 2013Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs 2010A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis 1981Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators

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