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Abstract Building code violations have negatively affected Tehran's spatial development significantly over the last three decades. This study was carried out to answer the question of what the status and factors of building violations and spatial changes were in Tehran's districts in the first decade 1990s and 2000s, when rapid urban development was at its peak. This study's statistical population included all buildings in the twenty-two districts of Tehran. In addition, the data and information for this study were gathered through library and documentary research. Furthermore, descriptive statistical methods were used to explain and interpret the data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to represent the results. According to the findings, financial incentives were the most important motivators for committing these violations. One of the most important spatial developments in the Tehran metropolis during this time is the conflict between the Master Plan for the city and population growth, per-capita residential, commercial, and military land use. As a result, areas 1 to 7 and residential structures accounted for 56% of Tehran's total area of residential buildings and 41.8% of the city's population in 2001, respectively, a rise of 2.9% and 34.8%. Additionally, other public institutions increased the area of residential buildings and the population of this area by 46.5% and 42.5% during this time period, respectively, by violating building codes, particularly in area 4 of the city.
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