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The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment

Tamar Glatman Zaretsky · Kathleen M. Jagodnik · Robert Barsic · Josimar Hernandez Antonio · Carolyn MacLeod · Hunter Carney +5 more

80 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Neuropharmacology

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Psychedelics and Drug Studies Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to a traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S. adults are presently affected by this disorder. Current treatments include psychological therapies (e.g., exposure-based interventions) and pharmacological treatments (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)). However, a significant proportion of patients receiving standard-of-care therapies for PTSD remain symptomatic, and new approaches for this and other trauma-related mental health conditions are greatly needed. Psychedelic compounds that alter cognition, perception, and mood are currently being examined for their efficacy in treating PTSD despite their current status as Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)- scheduled substances. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the potential value of psychedelicassisted therapy to treat PTSD and other psychiatric disorders. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the state of the science of PTSD clinical care, including current treatments and their shortcomings. We review clinical studies of psychedelic interventions to treat PTSD, trauma-related disorders, and common comorbidities. The classic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and DMT-containing ayahuasca, as well as the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, are reviewed. For each drug, we present the history of use, psychological and somatic effects, pharmacology, and safety profile. The rationale and proposed mechanisms for use in treating PTSD and traumarelated disorders are discussed. This review concludes with an in-depth consideration of future directions for the psychiatric applications of psychedelics to maximize therapeutic benefit and minimize risk in individuals and communities impacted by trauma-related conditions.

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References

1998Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults 2005Why Most Published Research Findings Are False 1995Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey 1990Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall 2010Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders 1996The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma 1995The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale 2007Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia

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