Critical analyses of Latina mortality: disentangling the heterogeneity of ethnic origin, place, nativity, race, and socioeconomic status

Vanessa L. Errisuriz · Ruth Enid Zambrana · Deborah M. Parra-Medina

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Health disparities and outcomes Public Health and Social Inequalities Gender, Health, and Social Inequality

Abstract

Despite the significant body of research on social determinants of health (SDH) and mortality, limited knowledge is available on the epidemiology of aggregated Latino health overall, and by women and subgroups. In population health studies, U.S. Latinos often are considered a monolithic population and presented as an aggregate, obscuring the diversity and variations within and across Latino subgroups, contributing to missed opportunities to identify SDH of health outcomes, and limiting the understanding of health differences. Given diverse environmental, racial, class, and geographic factors, a specific focus on women facilitates a more in-depth view of health disparities. This paper provides a scoping review of current gaps in research that assesses the relationships between SDH and mortality rates for the five leading causes of chronic-disease related deaths among Latinas by ethnic origin, place, race, and SES. We analyzed 2020 national mortality statistics from the CDC WONDER Online database jointly with reviews of empirical articles on Latina health, employing the EBSCOhost MEDLINE databases. These findings challenge the phenomenon of the Hispanic paradox that identified Latinos as a relatively healthy population compared to non-Hispanic White populations despite their lower economic status. The findings confirm that prior research on Latino women had methodological limitations due to the exclusion of SDH and an overemphasis on culturalist perspectives, while overlooking the critical role of socioeconomic impacts on health. Findings indicate major knowledge gaps in Latina mortality by SDH and subgroups that may undermine surveillance efforts and treatment efficacy. We offer forward-looking recommendations to assure the inclusion of key SDH associated with Latina mortality by subgroup as essential to inform future studies, intervention programs, and health policy.

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2005Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework 2016Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects.2004Paradox lost: Explaining the hispanic adult mortality advantage 2011CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report — United States, 2011 2001Understanding the Hispanic paradox.2016Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature 2016Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: A systematic review of study characteristics 2001All-cause and cause-specific mortality of immigrants and native born in the United States

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