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This chapter deals with the language situation of the members of the first Russian migration wave to Uruguay and their descendants. These were followers of the religious movement “New Israel” who settled in San Javier in 1913–1914. The field research was conducted in 2015 and 2018 with the purpose of investigating connections between everyday life, the host society’s attitudes to the newcomers and language use (dialect and contact features of Russian). Many members of the community are dispersed in the rural areas and live on ranches. Members of the young generation do not speak Russian anymore. The middle-aged and the elderly people’s speech demonstrates heavy interference with Spanish, numerous borrowings, metalinguistic comments, reiteration constructions, pauses and code-switching. Russian is no longer taught in elementary schools. Cultural organizations and centres of Russian culture in San Javier (Centro cultural Maximo Gorki) and Montevideo serve as homes for the Russian language when meetings of co-ethnics and social and cultural events are organized and play a role in the maintenance and preservation of the Russian language. “Old timers” are joined by new immigrants then. The language use in the participants’ homes and in the cultural centres includes artefacts, which relate to Russia.
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