Articlehybrid2024

The effects of exogenous substances on the color of heated bones

Joana Rosa · Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho · Francisco P. S. C. Gil · Maria Paula M. Marques · María Teresa Ferreira · David Gonçalves

6 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Burned bone coloration has been used for decades to help in the bioanthropological analysis of burned human bones. However, there is a variety of factors that can interfere with the coloration manifested by bones exposed to heat, resulting in colors that differ from the usual black to white gradient. In this study, we evaluated possible causes of unusual coloration changes and hues in burned bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For that purpose, defleshed fresh pig (Sus scrofa) ribs as well as fresh and dry human clavicles were burned at four different temperatures (500, 700, 900 and 1100°C) in contact with different materials (CaO, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and polyester cloth). Observable color changes were assessed through naked eye observation and description, Munsell color charts, and reflectance spectrophotometry. Additionally, chemical changes in bone were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). RESULTS: Our results showed that some materials did affect usual burned bone coloration (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) and correspondent FTIR-ATR and XRF spectra. As for other materials, although no effect on visual bone coloration was observed, they still affected FTIR-ATR and XRF spectra (CaO and cloth). DISCUSSION: This study can contribute to the anthropological analysis of burned human remains, providing some answers to what can cause unusual types of heat-induced colorations.

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1984Burnt bones and teeth: an experimental study of color, morphology, crystal structure and shrinkage 2008The forensic evaluation of burned skeletal remains: A synthesis 2016Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology 2014Estimating temperature exposure of burnt bone — A methodological review 2005Heat-induced Dimensional Changes in Bone and their Consequences for Forensic Anthropology 2004Recent advances in the study of burned bone and their implications for forensic anthropology 2008TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND OXYGEN AVAILABILITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE COLOR AND ORGANIC CONTENT OF CREMATED BONE 1995Scanning electron microscope observations of heat-treated human bone

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