The Assessment of Site Design as a Passive Fire Protection System in Traditional Batak Toba Settlements, Kampung Ulos Hutaraja-Pardamean

Abstract

The fire protection system is divided into two, active and passive. Passive fire protection systems are more reliable than active fire protection systems. In passive fire protection, site design is an important aspect. The site design has several indicators, namely the presence of water sources, the distance between buildings, the arrangement of mass blocks, the availability of open space, and the presence of flammable objects. Almost all settlements of the traditional houses in Indonesia, including Batak Toba houses, are very vulnerable to fire hazards. This research aims to find site design elements as passive fire protection variables and assess the reliability of site design as a passive protection system in the Kampung Ulos Hutaraja-Pardamean. The Interviews and observations data were collected through direct observation of researchers on-site involving safety experts, primarily passive protection, Residential and Batak Toba traditional house-building experts, Indigenous Peoples, and the Fire Department. The data analysis method uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The AHP method shows the magnitude of the role of each indicator in achieving the level of site design reliability in passive protection systems. After finding the hierarchical order, the next step is to assess the reliability of the site design as a passive protection system. The reliability of the passive protection system in the site design is 67.085%, which means that the reliability condition is quite good but still needs to be optimized. Among the five Site Design variables, building distance is the most influential variable on the passive fire protection system of Toba Batak Traditional House. It has a hierarchy value of 51.04%, which means a significant impact will occur if optimization efforts are carried out on the distance variable between buildings compared to other variables.

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