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After a whistleblower exposed a large-scale fraud, there has been a surge in retractions, affecting scientific integrity and attracting extensive attention from various stakeholders.1,2 Countries, institutes, and journals are among the entities receiving special attention.3,4 However, our understanding of the actual prevalence of misconduct across disciplines and topics remains limited. Previous studies of academic misconduct have primarily focused on biomedical and life sciences,3 but have paid little attention to the broader scientific fields.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 24 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.