STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN CIGALONTANG

Abstract

Ideally, village development is carried out in a planned, participatory, and sustainable manner to create a prosperous society. However, in reality, it is undeniable that most villages have not been able to develop their potential and resources, including in the villages where the research is located. This study aimed to determine the opportunities and potentials for developing community-based village development capital, identify the constraints of community-based village development, analyze strategic factors for community-based village development and formulate priority strategies for community-based village development. The research was conducted in Parentas Village and Cidugaleun Village, Cigalontang District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province using qualitative methods and case study techniques. Primary data collected from 20 informants were analyzed using SWOT and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The results showed that the five potential development capitals could not be utilized optimally. Opportunities are open because it is in the Tasikmalaya-Garut border area, but access to information networks, irrigation, and transportation was weak. The implication was that production costs become more expensive, the price of production is cheaper and people's incomes are smaller. Community-based village development was influenced by five strategic factors (cooperation culture, community dependence on government assistance and other parties in farming, private investment, availability of technology, and conflicts between communities due to external intervention. The recommended priority alternative strategy is to maximize government programs in infrastructure development by involving the community. Pembangunan desa idealnya dilakukan terencana, partisipatif dan berkelanjutan untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera. Namun kenyataannya, tidak dapat dipungkiri sebagian besar desa belum mampu mengembangkan potensi dan sumberdaya yang dimilikinya, termasuk di desa yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang dan potensi pengembangan modal pembangunan desa berbasis masyarakat, mengetahui kendala pengembangan desa berbasis masyarakat, menganalisis faktor strategis pengembangan desa berbasis masyarakat dan merumuskan strategi prioritas pengembangan desa berbasis masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Parentas dan Desa Cidugaleun Kecamatan Cigalontang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik studi kasus. Data primer yang dikumpulkan dari 20 orang informan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SWOT dan Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima modal pembangunan yang potensial belum dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Peluang terbuka, karena berada di wilayah perbatasan Tasikmalaya-Garut, namun akses jaringan informasi, irigasi dan transportasi lemah. Implikasinya, biaya produksi menjadi lebih mahal, harga hasil produksi lebih murah dan pendapatan masyarakat lebih kecil. Pengembangan desa berbasis masyarakat dipengaruhi lima faktor strategis (budaya gotong royong, ketergantungan masyarakat pada bantuan pemerintah dan pihak lain dalam berusahatani, adanya investasi swasta, tersedianya teknologi, dan konflik antar masyarakat akibat intervensi pihak luar. Alternatif strategi prioritas yang direkomendasikan adalah upaya memaksimalkan program pemerintah dalam pembangunan infrastruktur dengan melibatan masyarakat.

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