PreciseDebias: An Automatic Prompt Engineering Approach for Generative AI to Mitigate Image Demographic Biases

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed growing concerns over demographic biases in image-centric applications, including image search engines and generative systems. While the advent of generative AI offers a pathway to mitigate these biases by producing underrepresented images, existing solutions still fail to precisely generate images that reflect specified demographic distributions. In this paper, we propose PreciseDebias, a comprehensive end-to-end framework that can rectify demographic bias in image generation. By leveraging fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) coupled with text-to-image generative models, PreciseDebias transforms generic text prompts to produce images in line with specified demographic distributions. The core component of PreciseDebias is our novel instruction-following LLM, meticulously designed with an emphasis on model bias assessment and balanced model training. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of PreciseDebias in rectifying biases pertaining to both ethnicity and gender in images. Furthermore, when compared with two baselines, PreciseDebias illustrates its robustness and capability to capture demographic intricacies. The generalization of PreciseDebias is further illuminated by the diverse images it produces across multiple professions and demographic attributes. To ensure reproducibility, we will make PreciseDebias openly accessible to the broader research community by releasing all models and code.

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