Are the 7C psychological antecedents associated with COVID-19 vaccine behaviours beyond intentions? A cross-sectional study on at-least-one-dose and up-to-date vaccination status, and uptake speed among adults in France

Gaëlle Lièvre · Jonathan Sicsic · Simon Galmiche · Tiffany Charmet · Arnaud L Fontanet · Judith E. Mueller

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 and Mental Health

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Widely documented psychological antecedents of vaccination are confidence in vaccines, complacency, convenience, calculation, collective responsibility (5C model) with the recent addition of confidence in the wider system and social conformism. While the capacity of these seven antecedents (7C) to explain variance in COVID-19 vaccine intentions has been previously documented, we study whether these factors also are associated with vaccine behaviours, beyond intentions. METHODS: From February to June 2022, we recruited a sample of adults in France, including persons with notified recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with relatives and randomly selected non-infected persons. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires assessing COVID-19 vaccination history and the 7C antecedents. We defined vaccination behaviours as three outcomes: at-least-one-dose vaccine status by 2022 (N = 49,019), up-to-date vaccination status (N = 46,566), and uptake speed of first dose (N = 25,998). We conducted multivariable logistic regressions and Cox models. RESULTS: Among the 49,019 participants, 95.0% reported receipt of at least one dose and 89.8% were up to date with recommendations. All 7C antecedents were significantly associated with the outcomes, although effects were weaker for up-to-date vaccination status and uptake speed. The strongest effects (most vs. least vaccine-favourable attitude level, at-least-one-dose vaccination status) were observed for collective responsibility (OR: 14.44; 95%CI: 10.72-19.45), calculation (OR: 10.29; 95%CI: 7.53-14.05), and confidence in the wider system (OR: 8.94; 95%CI: 6.51-12.27). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the 7C not only explain vaccine intention, but also vaccine behaviours, and underpins the importance of developing vaccine promotion strategies considering the 7C antecedents.

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2015Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants 2002Intention—Behavior Relations: A Conceptual and Empirical Review 1968A Theory of Psychological Reactance 2018Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination 2017Barriers of Influenza Vaccination Intention and Behavior – A Systematic Review of Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy, 2005 – 2016 2013How big is the physical activity intention–behaviour gap? A meta‐analysis using the action control framework 2004Vaccination and the theory of games 2020Influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among nurses: A survey

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