Articlebronze2024

CSR from different perspectives: The global ESG indexes updated

Ping‐Chuan Jiang · Gen‐Fu Feng · Hai‐Jie Wang · Chun‐Ping Chang

75 citations0/0 files storedCorporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management

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Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy

Abstract

Abstract The prevailing environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework is currently based on micro‐ESG indicators. Research on national ESG is often limited to theory building and policy analysis. Based on previous scholars, this paper constructs a national ESG index framework consisting of 39 indices and updates the national ESG indices for 121 countries worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using the entropy weight method, aiming to provide a set of instrumental indices that capture the status and evolution of national ESG performance. The research findings are as follows: First, the Gini coefficient shows that the gap between national ESG performance has gradually widened over time. Second, the kernel density distribution suggests that global ESG performance is on the rise. High‐income countries are placing greater emphasis on ESG growth. Third, the results of the Markov transformation matrix suggest that there is a “club convergence” in ESG performance across countries.

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References

2007The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits 2000Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy 2006How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions 2012What We Know and Don’t Know About Corporate Social Responsibility 2022Aggregate Confusion: The Divergence of ESG Ratings 2006Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis 2019Responsible Investing: The ESG-Efficient Frontier 1999Geography and Economic Development

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