Changes in active commuting and changes in work ability and recovery from work in 16,778 Finnish public sector employees

Essi Kalliolahti · Kia Gluschkoff · Eija Haukka · Timo Lanki · Juuso J Jussila · Jaana I. Halonen +2 more

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Physical Activity and Health Workplace Health and Well-being

Abstract

Promotion of active commuting by walking and cycling presents a feasible strategy to increase physical activity levels and improve employee health and wellbeing. Increasing evidence on the health benefits of active commuting exists, but little is known about longitudinal associations between active commuting and work ability, and recovery from work. We conducted an observational cohort study of 16,778 public sector employees who responded to the Finnish Public Sector study surveys in 2020 and 2022. Within- and between-individual associations of changes in active commuting with changes in work ability and recovery from work were examined using hybrid modelling. Analyses were adjusted for sex and age at T1 (time-invariant confounders in the between-individual part of the analyses) and socio-economic factors, body mass index, health behaviours, and job strain (time-varying confounders in both parts). After adjustments, an increase in active commuting equivalent to 10 km per week was associated with small within-individual (unstandardized beta (B) = 0.016, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004–0.028) and between-individual (B = 0.028, 95% CI 0.019–0.038) improvements in work ability. In sex-stratified analyses, the positive within-individual effect on work ability was observed only among women (B = 0.026, 95% CI 0.001–0.040). With recovery from work, only between-individual positive association was observed (B = 0.032, 95% CI = 0.018–0.045). It may be possible to improve work ability by increasing active commuting. However, it appears that a change corresponding to tens of weekly kilometres of active commuting is required to achieve a small improvement in work ability. No conclusive evidence supporting that an increase in active commuting enhances recovery from work was found.

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1998The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics.2006Job characteristics and off-job activities as predictors of need for recovery, well-being, and fatigue.2017Advances in recovery research: What have we learned? What should be done next?1997Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period.2014The happy commuter: A comparison of commuter satisfaction across modes 2019Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research 2014Does active commuting improve psychological wellbeing? Longitudinal evidence from eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey 2018The recovery paradox: Portraying the complex interplay between job stressors, lack of recovery, and poor well-being

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