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Currently, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with multimodal physiological signals represents a pivotal approach to detect affective disorders (ADs). With the increasing complexity and diversity of physiological signal modalities, researchers have introduced various AI methods using multimodal physiological signals to improve model classification performance and explainability to increase trust and facilitate clinical adoption. Among these methods, spiking neural networks (SNNs) stand out as a promising avenue due to their alignment with the operating principles of the human brain, robust biological explainability, and adeptness in processing spatial–temporal information in an efficient event-driven manner with low power consumption. Furthermore, the emergence of neuromorphic computing (NC) chips based on SNNs has greatly bolstered the field of NC, enabling effective support for objective, pervasive, and wearable AI-assisted medical diagnostic devices for ADs and other diseases. This article presents a review of recent achievements in multimodal AD detection and points out the associated challenges in utilizing multimodal physiological signals and NC based on SNNs for AD detection. Building upon this foundation, we give perspectives on future work. The intended readership for this review consists of researchers in the fields of cognitive computing, computational psychophysiology, affective computing, NC, and brain-inspired computing. We hope that this survey not only garners increased attention from the scientific community but also serves as a valuable guide for future studies in this field.
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