Socio-technological types and models of implementation of import substitution policy by states and regions

Abstract

The presented study analyzes the foreign experience of import substitution, which made it possible to identify three types of strategies implemented with the help of state policies – the first, second and third types. In the author's scientific work, a chronological study of import substitution processes in the Russian economy is carried out, the need for an import substitution policy at various stages of economic activity is substantiated. The objectives of import substitution are defined, which are the elimination of artificial barriers, sanctions, the creation of analogues and fundamentally new domestic technologies, support and policy of economic preferences for the most vulnerable types of economic activity, the organization of RD and the production of experimental high-tech product samples. It is revealed that in order to solve the priority tasks in the field of import substitution, it is necessary to form a set of state measures that create conditions for the creation of domestic products that are competitive on the world market and represent the basis for the modernization of the Russian economy. The policy of import substitution should be carried out systematically, using methods of public administration and regulation, economic incentives and the combined method. The types of import substitution policies have been supplemented: the policy of ensuring state sovereignty; the policy of developing strategically important sectors of the economy; the policy of forced import substitution caused by the sanctions impact on the state economy; the policy of state preferences and protectionism of the domestic sector of the economy. The paper presents models of import substitution policy implemented at the present stage, reflecting innovative and intellectual activity. It is determined that the basis of the import substitution policy at the present stage is the opposition to economic sanctions in the innovation sphere, in order to create technologies of «superiority» and advanced development.

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