Investigating the relationship between aging perception and self-efficacy in the older adults: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Iran

Mohsen Arjmand-sangani · Gholamreza Sharifzadeh · Narges Sadat Soltani · Marzieh Torshizi

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Aging and Gerontology Research Aging, Health, and Disability Health and Wellbeing Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: With the global increase in the older adults population, understanding factors that impact their quality of life is crucial. The perception of aging and self-efficacy are significant factors affecting older adults health outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between Aging Perception and self-efficacyamong older adults individuals in Birjand city, a demographic that is rapidly increasing but under-research. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 on 400 older adults individuals in Birjand city. Participants were selected using a random sampling method from four regions, ensuring a representative sample. Data were collected through two main questionnaires: the Shortened Perceived Aging Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE), both validated for the Persian-speaking population. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS SOFTWARE. ARMONK, NY: IBM CORP. version 26, employing nonparametric tests due to the non-normal distribution of data. RESULTS: The study found a strong positive correlation between Aging Perception and self-efficacy (Spearman's R = 0.79, p < 0.001), indicating that a more positive perception of aging is associated with higher self-efficacy. The analysis also revealed that men generally reported a more positive perception of aging and higher self-efficacy compared to women. However, underlying diseases and marital status did not significantly affect the Aging Perception or self-efficacy scores. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that enhancing self-efficacy among the older adults could improve their perception of aging, potentially leading to better health outcomes and quality of life. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider cultural and gender-specific factors. Further research using longitudinal designs is recommended to explore the causality between Aging Perception and self-efficacy and to confirm these findings across different regions and cultural backgrounds in Iran.

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1982The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation 2020Self-efficacy and human motivation 2006People over forty feel 20% younger than their age: Subjective age across the lifespan 2020Trends, Determinants and the Implications of Population Aging in Iran 2007Cross-sectional validation of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire: a multidimensional instrument for assessing self-perceptions of aging 2017Relationships Among Self-perception of Aging, Physical Functioning, and Self-efficacy in Late Life 2004Self-perception of aging and health among older adults in Korea 2018General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

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