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Mixed lead sources in tin metal: Implications for using lead isotopes to study tin artifacts

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References

2011A GEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF Pb ISOTOPES IN ARCHAEOMETRY167 cited
2020Geological constraints on the use of lead isotopes for provenance in archaeometallurgy135 cited
2019Isotope systematics and chemical composition of tin ingots from Mochlos (Crete) and other Late Bronze Age sites in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: An ultimate key to tin provenance?124 cited
2020LIA of Prehistoric Metals in the Central Mediterranean Area: A Review101 cited
2014A novel approach to lead isotope provenance studies of tin and bronze: applications to South African, Botswanan and Romanian artifacts71 cited
2020A miner's perspective on Pb isotope provenances in the Western and Central Mediterranean58 cited
2010The technology of tin smelting in the Rooiberg Valley, Limpopo Province, South Africa, ca. 1650–1850 CE56 cited
2022The Salcombe metal cargoes: New light on the provenance and circulation of tin and copper in Later Bronze Age Europe provided by trace elements and isotopes49 cited
2021From peaks to ports: Insights into tin provenance, production, and distribution from adapted applications of lead isotopic analysis of the Uluburun tin ingots45 cited
2022Tin from Uluburun shipwreck shows small-scale commodity exchange fueled continental tin supply across Late Bronze Age Eurasia38 cited
1989The composition of tin slags from the south‐west of England34 cited

Cited by

2025From Land's End to the Levant: did Britain's tin sources transform the Bronze Age in Europe and the Mediterranean?

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202550 years of bronze provenance studies: A perspective from China11 cited

2024Mixed Sources of Pb and Sn in late Bronze Age European tin ingots provide insights into production processes5 cited

2025Archaeological applications of lead isotopic analysis to non‐ferrous metals in Africa: A critical review4 cited

2025Complementary Use of Lead Isotopes, Tin Isotopes, and Trace Elements to Infer the Sources of Tin in Bronzes from Southern Africa, ca. 1200–1800 CE4 cited

2026Shifting tin imports into the broader Eastern Mediterranean region during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 2000-900 BC)2 cited

2026Chemical and isotopic analyses reconstruct multi-scalar copper circulation networks in West Africa: evidence from Akjoujt and Walaldé, 1st millenium BCE – 1st millenium CE1 cited

2026Middle Bronze Age axes from the eastern Adriatic: towards the reconstruction of copper supply networks in the 2nd millennium BC0 cited

2026New insights into the Trans-Saharan gold trade in the Islamic Middle Ages revealed by multi-isotopic (Pb–Fe–Cu) and elemental characterization of Fatimid gold coins0 cited

2026Isotopic and chemical evidence for long-distance trade of copper and tin into east-central Botswana, c. cal. AD 800–16500 cited

2026Mediterranean Late Bronze Age copper ingots: A new lead isotope-based synthesis0 cited

2026Cassiterite U–Pb geochronology: A framework for tin provenance in the Bronze Age world0 cited