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Modernizing Russia’s innovation policy is crucial for achieving technological independence and transitioning to an innovative development paradigm. However, this transformation faces challenges stemming from Russia’s distinct innovation landscape and socio-economic conditions. This article identifies key directions for transforming Russia’s innovation policy and mechanisms to support its technological independence. The article reviews the evolution of theoretical perspectives on innovation policy within the broader system of socio-economic management, highlighting its key stages and challenges. Special attention is given to the methodological problems of aligning innovation support with the country’s need for technological independence. It also examines the intersection of neo-Schumpeterian economics and the concept of sustainable growth, which now dominate theoretical thought on innovation policy. The author defines modern innovation policy and outlines current approaches to its formation and implementation. A transformative policy, integrating efforts to stimulate innovation, enhance quality, and restructure socio-technical systems, is proposed as the best path for Russia. This type of policy is particularly important given the existing challenges in the innovation and production sectors. The article also identifies priority areas for implementing this transformative innovation policy, which will help lay the foundation for Russia’s technological independence. The results of this research can guide improvements in the public management of innovation processes. Future research will focus on further refining methodological approaches and improving the organizational systems involved in innovation management.
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