Abstract This study examines how corporate sustainability (CS) influences the relationship between human capital (HC) effectiveness and corporate performance (CP) in the context of emerging economies. Drawing on HC theories and CS, we employ partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) to analyze data from 94 industrial and service firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) between June and October 2022. Our findings reveal the dual role of HC, which not only directly influences CP but also significantly reinforces CS efforts. This research contributes to strategic management literature by highlighting the mediating role of CS in the HC‐performance nexus. The results underscore the strategic value of HC in enhancing sustainable practices, which positively affect CP. These insights are particularly relevant for emerging economies, where understanding the role of HC can guide corporate strategies toward sustainable growth. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, with a focus on the importance of HC development to promote resilience and support sustainability goals in emerging markets. Future research could explore these dynamics across other industries and regions.
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