From murals to microclimate: assessing the ecological footprint of tourism at Ajanta Caves

Abstract

The Ajanta Cave, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has experienced a substantial increase in tourist footfall over the past 25 years, significantly altering the site's microclimatic conditions and environmental equilibrium. This research investigates the multifaceted impact of heightened visitor numbers on cave-specific parameters, including temperature, humidity, CO2 concentrations, microbial activity, sunlight exposure, air quality, and suspended particulate matter. The findings provide insights into the intricate dynamics of these elements within the caves’ unique microclimate. This study highlights the potential threats posed by increased CO2 levels and specific microbial activities, and also underscores challenges associated with noise and particulate matter generated by tourism activities. The delicate balance between conserving the heritage site and accommodating the surge in tourist numbers is a central theme of the research. This work contributes significant insights to the discourse on sustainable heritage tourism, offering guidance for future endeavors aiming to harmonize preservation efforts with increased public engagement. The comprehensive survey analyzing visitor satisfaction and experiences for different attributes further enriches the understanding of the intricate relationship between heritage conservation and tourism dynamics.

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