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Purpose This study aims to meticulously examine the current state and operational dynamics of e-libraries in Punjab, Pakistan. Using a qualitative research methodology and strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis as a principal analytical framework, the study seeks to capture a detailed portrait of these digital repositories. The goal is to uncover the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with the e-libraries. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was chosen to gain deeper insights into the e-libraries in Punjab. The study involved conducting detailed interviews with 14 librarians from these e-libraries, an interview guide that was developed specifically for this study. The guide was refined by experts and validated in a pilot study. Findings The study reveals that e-libraries in Punjab, Pakistan, excel in providing access to diverse digital resources and enhancing digital literacy but face significant challenges related to infrastructure, hardware and digital skills. Opportunities exist in leveraging mobile technology and enhancing staff training to improve service delivery. However, financial constraints, inadequate skilled personnel and regulatory issues pose threats to their efficacy and sustainability. Practical implications This study offers key recommendations for improving Punjab’s e-libraries, such as upgrading infrastructure, enhancing staff training and bolstering cybersecurity. It stresses the need for sustained government funding and support. The findings can help librarians boost digital literacy, refine resources and increase community involvement, while guiding policymakers in shaping effective legal frameworks and practitioners in enhancing resource quality and access. Social implications This research highlights the transformative potential of e-libraries in fostering education and culture in Punjab. It emphasizes integrating technology with community and government support to maximize benefits, bridge digital divides and promote social equity. The study calls for ongoing collaboration among librarians, educators and policymakers to harness e-libraries as catalysts for social change and development. Originality/value The originality of this study stems from its innovative application of SWOT analysis to e-libraries in Punjab, a first in this context. This approach not only offers new insights into the operational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of e-libraries but also significantly aids in strategic planning. The findings are pivotal in shaping decisions that foster the effective use of e-libraries, ultimately enhancing digital literacy and educational growth across the region.
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